Hans Hoffmann's Blog

We live in a time where technology seems to have reached hyper drive or warp speed, which ever sci-fi genre you like will work. It seems as if we have a series of mega-trends before us ranging from Cloud to Big Data to Robotics, to name but a few.  Every major tech company seems to be hopping aboard.  The technology sector is notorious for creating these type of panics, god forbid we miss the next over-hyped trend.  In some instances the big players seems to want to tackle them all, be it Microsoft, Google, Facebook or Amazon.  At other points in time it is a Billionaires men’s club with Jeff Bezos or Paul Allen funding some pie in the sky idea.  But maybe it is bigger than they all think and as complex as it all seems maybe it is being made too complex.  We have before us a lot of “big things” – we have the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, Cloud, Robotics, Artificial Intelligence etc.. All these trends driving tremendous change in society, in how we will live our day-to-day lives.  Is it wise to focus on one or will we need to focus on all.  From a company perspective it may be wise to place bets with just one or two of the big emerging trends, for the larger players they will, and may have to, tackle them all.  One thing is clear in my mind and that is they are all converging into one it what will be called, “The Great Convergence”.

Convergence is one of those industry overused terms.  Not long ago we talked about digital convergence.  First our music went digital with the advent of the compact disc.  Our computer networks were already digital.  Than communications went digital as we moved from analog to new services like Voice over IP.  In addition to voice we had SMS, email and a host of other forms of digital communications.  We had debates in the halls of congress as our television went digital.  How would we support all those old televisions?  As is almost always the case the advances in technology moved so fast it just swept over all of us like a tidal pool.   These debates and changes, which in reality were not that long ago, now seem like ancient history.  We now take these things for granted as we use services like Skype, WeChat and Netflix.  Like so many things in technology they just burst upon us and before we know it, the terms surrounding them and their use become part of our day-to-day living.  Think back to the washing machine, there was a world before the washing machine.  Hundreds of years went by with women washing clothes in a river or a tub.  Now no more.  However with tech it no longer can be measure in decades or years, the change happens very quickly and then in some instances it is gone (think of the FAX machine).

If we look at the emerging trends, the best way to visualize them is as a bunch of tributaries all feeding into a massive river like the Mississippi River (I purposely avoided the term Amazon river for obvious reasons).  One small river would be IoT, which would capture data from every device on the planet and feed into a mega data repository.  This “Big Data” would be centralized in a distributed database in the Cloud, from which we would perform complex analytics.  Other tributaries would be robotics, which would spawn more data.  Drones capturing data from the sky.  Vehicles capturing data from the road.  More humanoid devices wandering the streets and buildings capturing more data, perhaps observing human behavior and uploading that data.  As AI improves, these bots would start making decisions and based on the results if the decision uploading that data.  All converging and feeding Mark Twain’s, mighty Mississippi.

The days of gigabytes and petabytes are behind us we pass through exabyte and zettabytes and move right into a yottabyte.  As quantum computing takes off we can analyze data that used to take years down into minutes or even seconds.  A new form of computing will have emerged making our lives easier and yet more complex within the wink of an eye.  Algorithms that once took decades to solve not solved in minutes.  Predictive modeling will become more sophisticated.  We already live in an environment where online shopping s constantly analyzing our buying habits and trying to make recommendations based these habits.  The immense amount of data once utilized will change how we live.  Capturing data has become routine, the ability to analyze that data and act upon it will fundamentally alter our lives.

At times we may squirm hearing all this, but technology is like a tidal wave, once it has garnered momentum it is just a matter of time before it comes crashing down on those in its wake.  We fret over security and privacy even as we willingly give it up to have our iPhone locate us wherever we may be.  You may not want people knowing where you are but once captured that data is stored somewhere.   It can all seem so overwhelming but than what did you think self and immediate gratification would be?  Despite what biblical scholars may debate, paradise was never going to be free.  There are major positives coming through, in particular in health care as there may be alight at the end of the tunnel.  In the coming decades we may cure cancer.  We will have a greater ability to monitor our own health.  We will have our current state of life measured in real-time. We will be a part of the network, not separated physically but willingly opting into the digital world.  All you will have to do is hit the “OK”button.

The doomsayers now have a voice that only grows louder by the day.  They have been around for a while, as in humanities entire existence.  However now some of the areas traditionally reserved for science fiction novels and films.  As devices become more intelligent and AI improves the question of humanities future existence will become more pervasive.  In education we push for more STEM funding seeing that as the future of our economy while deriding the humanities as less important.  Part of it is simply our competitive nature in the US as we cannot fathom the idea of some other nation doing things better than us.  We make sacrifices rather easy in order to push ourselves to the forefront.  The Great Convergence is upon us.  Like it or not we have opted in. We will move forward regardless of the consequences.  In great part because we cannot help ourselves.  We more or less created the oil industry and all its environmental catastrophes.  As our nation grew so did our appetite for energy.  Now that the demand price for oil has taken a downturn we see the impact in our 401k plan as so much of our economy is based on energy.  The 20th century created that much like the 21st century.

Good Night and Good Luck

Hans Henrik Hoffmann January 26, 2016

It has been an interesting week. On the one hand Windows 10 has surpassed 200 million in terms of installed base. On the flip side at this years Consumer Electronics(CES) show in Las Vegas the reports are there is next to zero presence by hardware vendors and next generation PC’s.  Microsoft has scaled back. Dell has scaled back.  HP has scaled back.  It’s as if no one cares anymore. There has been discussion of the demise of the PC for years now and many times I think it is misunderstood.  It is not like the PC is going away, it has just become a commodity.  I need it like I need tires for my car.  This does not however mean there is no future for the PC, it just means the sex appeal of the PC is kind of dead, actually it is really dead.  Is the future, one of death for the PC?  Can it be resurrected?  Is technology transforming so fast that the PC will fade into memory?  All valid questions, but maybe a bit to doom and gloom for me.  There is a place for the PC, it just may not be as central as it once was.

There are still a lot of companies out in the world who rely on PC’s to drive growth – still a lot of the big names out there that includes Acer, Toshiba, Lenovo, HP Consumer, Dell etc..All good companies with good products, but in an age defined by Apple and Google in the consumer space they have all found it hard to stay relevant.  This does  not mean the PC is dead, we just need to reassess where it fits into our lives.  Is it cutting edge or has it become more like my refrigerator? Maybe a better question is my household appliance becoming more like my PC?  If we look at some of the big announcements at CES a fair amount were around old household appliances like the Samsung Family Hub Refrigerator which has three camera inside and you can connect via a Mobile app so when you are at the store you can check if you may have forgotten anything.  It also has a screen on it with the possibility of streaming video content to the fridge.  It was cool this year but I think it will be even bigger next year.  For hardware manufacturers they need to figure how they co-exist in this new world.  More importantly how do they offer value to anew tech consumer market that will be much larger than their traditional market .

What does this have to do with PC sales?  The way to look at with each new IoT device a piece of functionality of the PC is being distributed so I do not need to stop and sit down on the couch and boot to perform a task or view content. When I stream content to my TV I use Google Chromecast and my iPhone as I can get all content via the iPhone almost immediately.  Where time is spent then over time it is usually monetized.  With the rules changing minute by minute and the traditional tech experience being transported across every item ever created by mankind our reliance of a confined experience is dissipating.  Samsung and Google are leading the way.  Samsung does everything from phones to PC’s to kitchen appliances.  Showing and understanding that these are all in some way connected.  Google via its acquisition if NeST is connecting the home and allowing you to control your home environment anywhere at anytime.

A question is where does this leave Microsoft? Where does the Windows experience go from here?  A company that laid the ground work for where we are today needs to recreate its identity or more importantly recreate the user experiences.  We are continually being given new ways of interacting with technology.  New home heating systems we tap into via an app and wi-fi connection. Home security systems we can view from our mobile device our laptop..  The challenge for many of these new Internet of Things scenarios is that they don’t need all the functionality and overhead that Windows provides but a very specialized subset, more suited for a OS like Linux.  That being said it makes sense for Microsoft, given its history, to be a major player in this space. It will have to make significant changes in how it thinks about an operating system.

For all the strides we have made I still find at times the PC an extremely frustrating piece of technology.  It still can lock up on me.  Provide me the blue-wheel of death. The mouse touch=pads at times can be way to sensitive this causing mysterious things to happen.  Boot times have improved but are no where close to what I have on my tablet.  These distributed tasks to new devices and form factors are welcome, as they are simplified and available immediately upon request.  My technology horizons are expanding as every day technology touches something new in my life, down to the clothes I wear.  As is so often the case with gadgets they always seem to get smaller and brighter.

Where does this then leave the PC?  The PC had been around for over thirty years now and has lost its glamorous sex appeal.  It is not the center of the technology world anymore, nor has it been for a long time.  Will we not need them?  Absolutely not as certain task are still best designed for a PC.  The need to have a keyboard.  But as noted earlier the big change is the need to actually sit down and use a PC is not as great and more scenarios will crop up that further distribute our use of technology beyond the PC.  The PC has become more of a commodity for the general user.  I believe that I will have a PC until I leave this earth, however my time spent with it will continue to diminish, never to zero, but even less than it is today.  I do not foresee the PC ever gaining its former glamour and luster, at least not in the current from factors.  However the offspring to the PC shall lead us into a brighter future.

Good Night and Good Luck

Hans  Henrik Hoffmann January 12, 2016

 

With the release of the latest Star Wars I have thought a lot about the basic concept of impact. The film genre of science fiction had been around since the film industry had started but all of a sudden one film caused our expectations of what science fiction film should be had been changed.  I have been around technology for 25 years and seen a lot of great things happen in that time. Some of the simple things are amazing to me like PC’s with terabyte hard drives, memory in terms of gigabytes,flat screens, tablets that are useful, the list could get rather long. But things are happening in corporate america, the start-up community, venture capital, research labs etc..that will shake the very foundation the industry has been built upon over the last half century.  In a lot of ways these change agents are interlinked.  Terms we hear a lot of today in the industry: robotics, big data,artificial intelligence, cloud services,..these are all linked together as they share information between one another.  But when size-mic shifts happen they cause everyone in the industry to change focus.

We have been through a couple big changes in the industry.  The birth of the consumer internet.  It was unique in that the internet had been around a long time, but was really restricted to academics.  With the Netscape IPO in 1995 this all changed as all of a sudden every company and every person needed to be connected.   Companies panicked.  People were excited. We tolerated painful access and download speeds.  Video was not coming and where it existed was choppy and poor quality.  But the seeds had been sewed and the internet has changed how we interact on nearly every level of society.  The one problem we had with the internet was early on we were locked to our desktop.  Always needing to be connected to a power outlet.  Even laptops only took us so far.  Needing wi-fi access with limited battery life.  That all changed in June 2007 when Apple launched the iPhone.  It gave remote internet access a new meaning.  Our browsing experience was changed on a mobile device and more importantly we had apps to make the mobile web more accessible.  Touch screen was flawless.  We could stream video.  It changed the industry once again as all of a sudden every company needed a mobile app developer.

It has been a while since the iPhone and the last major technological impact.  Not to say nothing has happened.  A lot has happened.  In terms of the next great impact I do not think it will be “a single event” this time that transforms us overnight, but a broad brush stroke of multiple events happening in rather quick succession. The velocity at which technology is changing is driving fast changes in how society operates.  As I mentioned earlier we have Cloud, Big Data Robotics etc..On the horizon there are a lot of people making big bets with big money.  Elon Musk predicts they will have a fully self driving car within two years.  This seems ambitious and I am not sure it will happen but the sheer audacity of predicting something like this and believing in it is amazing and Elon Musk has a pretty good track record of delivery.  We have a space race going on, but this time it is not the Soviet Union versus the United States. A space race not funded by the public sector (NASA) but the private sector.  It is happening in the private sector as billionaires are building new rockets that can return to earth. Jeff Bezos with Blue Origin,Paul Allen with Stratolaunch, Elon Musk with SpaceX, and Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic. Even discussions of a mission to Mars and a Martian colony.  Other areas will be impacted as well.  As I am going through the wonderful process of choosing a healthcare provider I begin to think of my own mortality and my bodies limitations as my fiftieth year looms large, but the future will be bright for healthcare.  There is talk of 3D printed organs.  No need for a kidney donor, we will take your DNA and print a new kidney.   This year as part of his New Year’s resolution Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook wants to create a virtual assistant with AI,  Seems like the film ex-Machina is progressing quicker from fantasy to reality than anticipated.

All these great things seem to be converging upon us at the same time driving innovation further and faster.  The demand for engineers across disciplines has never been higher.  Great design will be ever more important to take form the simple engineering mind and making cutting ideas usable (sorry I have been around enough useless geeky presentations to slightly slam them).  There will be new opportunities as well  s displacement.  Every technological change in human existence has been met with trepidation and fear.  There have been protest already against a robotic future. Based on Mark Zuckerberg’s New Years resolution I am sure executive assistance may be worried.  Many companies are racing to buy AI startups, robotics companies etc..as the race heats up it will only intensify.  It is what we will call the Internet of Things world.

The impact of all these converging technologies will change the face of mankind in a way we have not seen before.  In part because it will happen very fast and challenge basic concepts of humanity.  How we exist, how we work, play communicate, entertain, it may even beg the question of should human race even exist?  Large questions to ponder and at this point cannot be answered.  Can we pull back?  I am afraid not.  the train has left the station and is only accelerating.  It is part of the human race to move forward quickly and in search of a greater future, not willing to recognize the consequences.  The next big thing is coming quickly and by the time it comes we will look back upon its rise before we know what has happened.  As I have quoted before and I shall quote Bill Baker again “The future comes slowly, change happens quickly”..

Good Night and Good Luck

Hans Henrik Hoffmann January 7. 2016

 

Admit it most if us have gone to the movies and come out dreaming, “one day that could be me”. As our heads fill of fantasy, cameras flashing, nice clothes, big houses etc..It seems a very romantic life.  But as we look around us today it is becoming more apparent that we are becoming a society that is always on camera.  We see video posts via Facebook, Twitter, YouTube etc..These are then increased in velocity as mainstream media picks them up and distributes via our television to the world. We live in a time where we go from anonymity to fame in a few beats of the human heart. Weather that fame is warranted or desired is a question only for the star or the victim.  It does raise questions of privacy and our obligation to our fellow human being.  Video has become so prevalent that we have become a society immune to its impact and at times the volume of what we witness via a screen becomes clouded and overbearing.  As much as Edward Snowden fights for our privacy against tyrannical governments, he did not go far enough as our beloved capitalism seeks to enhance revenues by taking every click and trying to learn about us and how better to monetize every human being on earth.  The ability of video to capture every aspect of our daily lives knows no boarders, as much as we try to define, the more clouded it becomes.

Rodney King was a violent case study of what can go wrong in race relations, but I feel in the end that is not at all what Rodney King has come to signify.  What he signified was one of the first instances where someone using a camera caught on tape and distributed via local media, and then watched it then go viral via global media.  It was the first instance that empowered an individual to hold law enforcement accountable for its actions . This was 1992, so it was pre-internet, but it showed the power of an individual to shape human events.  Since the LA riots of 1992  we have been increasingly been fed a diet of negative content via the web,  Journalism has left the hands to the newspaper reporter to private hands as technology has empowered us all to report and comment on the day’s news.  I am skeptical of much of it as it usually reads like a USA Today headline and I am stuck having to search for the full story before making commentary.  Unfortunately it seems most of society only has the attention span for the USA Today headline.  What came out of Rodney King, as horrific as it was to watch, has been overall positive for society at large.  The law is important for any stable democratic society to succeed, however when abused we are all left a little bit less

If we fast forward to today I would not want to be in law enforcement these days.  Before the advances in technology it was already a high stress job.  Periodically via mass media we would hear of mistakes and crooked cops (a Hollywood tradition).  Now it seems on a daily basis  we are fed a regular diet of illegal and horrific cop shootings. This morning I saw a video of police taking a black man to the hospital. He was unruly when they got to the hospital so they tasered him repeatedly and took him into custody and drove back to the police station. He died one hour later.  I wish this was a singular incident, but it seems like we see this kind of thing on television everyday.  These lead to civic unrest and a general lack of faith in law enforcement.  The question becomes is this a good or bad thing?  It is positive in that in roots out some generally bad police practices in certain police departments, the down side is it has led to a generalization of our views of law enforcement.  I think many have a poor view of law enforcement these days based not on who they know but on what they see.  The fact that many cities will have cameras on police officials moving forward will hopefully lead as to have better faith in our local police officers, but it is up to the media to paint a complete picture.

This may all sound negative but law enforcement has been active with technology as well.  Many are looking at drones as a form of surveillance.  Little cameras in the sky, scouting to see if any illegal activity is occurring in areas that used to be out of their reach.  Many city councils have shut these down, but in the end I believe this will be a reality as the private sector lobby’s to allow them to ship products via drone.  But as this happens law enforcement will say should we not have the right as well? That is all still a ways in the future, but then I ask has anyone received a speeding ticket via mail?  Or perhaps you were in a HOV lane for a 100 feet and received notice you needed to pay $2.50 for use of such lane (for my 3 readers in Brazil this is an express lane which in some areas in the US you pay a monthly fee for)?  Can we argue these fees?  No the rules are clear and if you want to contest they have the video to show you. For local governments it is kind of like printing money.

Beyond the dramatics of criminal activity we see on video we now will have cameras everywhere in the skies as drones multiply and now have to be registered with the FAA.  The challenge with having so many eyes in the sky is how to define parameters.  Amazon is taking a lead as it wants to distribute all packages under 5 lbs via drone. Great.  Problem is those Amazon eyes will witness a lot of things and store those somewhere in the cloud.  If a crime is being committed is Amazon supposed to report? I would hope so.  If you are doing something embarrassingly inappropriate poolside does that get stored in the cloud?   When you answer the door to receive your package does the Amazon eye scan your attire to use to profile you and send new items to sell you?  Does it look behind you to do a quick scan of your entry way?  Do you have paintings? Frames? Plants?  A new world of scenarios,where do your rights to privacy begin and end?

Any building you walk into has camera’s focused on you.  The lobby of a high-rise.  The stair case at the local YMCA, where they even have a sign that says “smile you are on camera”.  A convenience store.  The bank, obvious.  The parking garage, I hope so.  All this content that is created needs to be stored for future reference.  It just dies not go away.As we have learned in the world of terrorism everyone leaves a digital trail.  Committing a robbery these days in the old-fashioned way seems rather dumb as we usually have video of the criminal doing the act.  Beyond the obvious remember that the mundane is being regularly captured. Walking up the stairs, if you have an embarrassing itch that is also captured.  Though you may feel alone you are not and probably never will be.

Thanks to the camera on your XBox, a scenario at Microsoft was it would be great to see how are users are interacting with our technology.  As far as I know they did not do that because they were not invited into people’s homes,  It does however tell us that the internet is not just people at home looking out onto the web, it also provides companies, individuals, governments etc..the ability to look into our daily lives.  The cameras that come with every smart phone, tablet and laptop are the seeing eyes of the internet universe.  This extends into the world of social media as most content today ia Twitter or Facebook is actually video content.

Video is nearly omnipresent now.  It is capturing more and more of our lives as it happens.  In our homes.  At our work. It is a peeping Tom paradise.  We may all just give up on clothes.  It has created a new world of terror while allowing us to combat crimes in ways once limited to movies.  Every time we log onto access the web we are foregoing some of our preconceived notions of privacy.  Orwell’s Big Brother still rings clearly, but his classic “1984” was more influenced by the absolute power and tyranny of Stalin’s U.S.SR.   The big brother of today will be more of a hybrid between the private and public sector.  In our desire for consumption we sacrifice much of our privacy to both government and corporations.  On the web we get so many notices of compliance and agreement that if we took the time to read and understand every legal disclaimer we would literally have time for nothing else.  In addition some bright PhD or group of really smart people will develop an algorithm that will crawl the web and search for every reference, photo and video of a person and stitch them together thus documenting a persons entire life from birth to death and put it on a thumb drive. How heart warming.

Good Night and Good Luck

Hans Henrik Hoffmann December 17, 2015

With the launch of Windows 95 celebrating 20 yrs I thought I would re-post my blog from 6 yrs ago.  Posted on my 43rd BDay – enjoy!!

The biggest event in Microsoft history was the launch of Windows 95. Make no mistake about it. I don’t care what Ballmer, Sinofsky, Turner or whatever other exec you want to parade out and say xyz product was bigger. I don’t care that Microsoft says Windows 7 is the best OS they have ever made (they would be correct on that point). Windows 95 was huge. To put it all into perspective before we get to the launch event itself we should understand where the industry was at the time before Windows 95.

From a OS perspective one needs to remember that even though Windows 3.0 and Windows 3.1 had been huge successes there were essentially two things that limited it, primarily visa vi when you were comparing to a Mac.

Windows 3.1 and earlier all had one thing in common, they were built on top of and dependent on DOS. Memory Management which was so critical in those days was controlled by the Mac killer — DOS. I will say this over and over again. You can love your Mac it’s great stuff, but to lose to DOS, from a technical perspective, is shameful. Don’t tell me Microsoft was stupid when Apple had it burnt in their forehead.
Windows to this point was a 16 bit OS. The Mac was 32 bit which meant theoretically the Mac should be much faster than a Windows-based system. Windows 95 was going to a be a 32 bit OS. For the non-technical folk the easiest way to think of this is a 2 lane highway versus a 4 lane highway.
The PC at the time of launch was really starting to take its place in day-to-day like. The vision of a PC on every desktop and in every home was starting to come into view. People in general were getting used to and excited about technology. To work at Microsoft at this time was like being a rock star. Did not matter what you did at Microsoft, you were there. You were at the cutting edge. The nineties was the golden age of the geek.

Windows 95 was code-named “Chicago” in beta. We had played around with it in my group. It was cool. The UI was radically different from Windows for Workgroups 3.11, which we were all running at the time. It really took the graphical user interface to the next level at Microsoft. It really has not changed a whole lot since that release. The best story from the beta was in Chicago, when BillG had his demo guy, Chris Capposella launch the demo only to have the “big” crash occur. Chris has gone on to become a successful exec at Microsoft, but that was his shining moment of fame.  Funny that his shining moment was a failed moment.

Two of the primary drivers behind Windows 95 were Brad Silverberg and Brad Chase. When they stood onstage earlier that summer in Toronto for the Microsoft Global Sales Summit (I was not there but I saw the video), they received the loudest and longest standing ovation from the Microsoft sales force I had ever heard. I realized watching that neither would likely ever accomplish something so huge again in their life. Both have since left Microsoft, Brad Silverberg launched a venture capital firm. He leads a cushy life from what I understand.  The VC made money but has not done anything great.  Brad Chase has entered the world of, “where is he now”?

One of the key new features to Windows 95, which remains in the OS to this day was the “Start” button (they tried to kill it with Windows 8, but were crucified for their efforts). Leading up to launch Microsoft needed to do advertising. As the story goes BillG was at an event where also in the crowd was Mick Jagger (I have yet to be to such a party). Bill liked the idea of using the Rolling Stones classic “Start Me Up” for the ad blitz so he asked Mick, “How much would it cost?”. Keep in mind today we take these type of Rock Star meets corporate America for granted. In those days it was not quite so common (not to say it did not exist – Michael Jackson and Pepsi had been around for years).

The launch day that August was truly amazing. Starting at midnight with crowds lined up all over the country the amount of media buzz was overwhelming. Granted I was local, so in the Seattle area the coverage was over the top. Every TV station was covering the event and the soccer fields at Microsoft had been transformed into a circus seen complete with a big top tent. The event had a host, none other than Jay Leno. The Stones, “Start me up” was blaring everywhere and all the time. Helicopters were flying overhead all day long. It turned into a complete frenzy as radio reports stated to say that Keith Richards had been sighted at the airport (this proved to be false), which just added to the hysteria. Outside the tent were booths set up for Microsoft partners to show off demo’s of their Windows 95 products. Billg was on TV from that morning until the evening, doing interview after interview. There was food for everyone. It was just a huge party.

Compare all this with the Windows 7 launch, it was just a different ball game. I also think the metrics of success have changed. When I watched Steve Ballmer on the today show at the launch of Windows 7. Matt Lauer asked him, “So why should I buy Windows 7, I mean what is so great?” Without hesitation Steve responded “Faster boot time”. As I get older perhaps I get jaded, but that was not exactly the most exciting or interesting of answers. I honestly do not get that excited about OS upgrades anymore. At the end of the day the OS needs to support my devices and run my apps. Beyond that there is not a whole lot of excitement in an operating system. But when the industry was younger and before the internet the OS was a really big deal.

The Windows 95 launch was one of those events that will likely not happen in the industry again. That same month a IPO would launch for a small company called Netscape. The dawning of internet time was upon Microsoft and the industry would march toward overdrive, but that is the next blog. Have a great weekend:-)

Hans Henrik Hoffmann December 12, 2009